Naturalization: What to expect
Naturalization is a way for a person to become a U.S. citizen. Below is a general overview of what to expect during the naturalization process. To learn more, read the Guide to Naturalization.
You have decided to apply for U.S. citizenship. Here is what to do next:
Review the application instructions
Download the naturalization application
Get two passport-style photos taken
Collect all the documents and evidence you will need to complete your application
Fill out your application
Review your work and correct any mistakes
Submit your application, two photos, documents and evidence, and the required fees. Find out where to file your application.
After we accept your application, we will notify you if we need to take your biometrics: fingerprints, photo, and signature.
We will send you an appointment notice if we need biometrics. The notice will provide you the date, time, and location of the appointment.
Appear at the location at the scheduled date and time on the appointment notice
Bring the following documents to the appointment:
Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card;
Appointment notice; and
A second form of identification (driver’s license, passport, or state identification card). Your second form of identification must have your photograph on it.
We will send your fingerprints to the FBI to conduct a background check
At your appointment, we will give you a study booklet to help you prepare for the English and civics tests
During your naturalization interview, a USCIS officer will ask you questions about your application and background. You will also take an English and civics test unless you qualify for an exemption or waiver. The English test has three components: reading, writing, and speaking. The civics test covers important U.S. history and government topics. See below to learn more about the test and the free study tools available to help you prepare.
Study for the English test
Study for the civics test
Find an English and/or citizenship preparation class in your area
We will mail you an appointment notice for your naturalization interview. You must appear at the USCIS office at the date and time shown on your appointment notice.
Appear at the USCIS office at the scheduled date and time on your interview notice
Bring the following documentation to your naturalization interview:
Your interview appointment notice;
Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card;
A state-issued identification such as a driver’s license; and
All valid and expired passports and travel documents issued to you that document your absences from the United States since becoming a permanent resident.
For a list of other documents that you may need to bring with you, read Form M-477, Document Checklist.
Take the English and civics tests
We will inform you of the results
If requested, submit additional information to USCIS
Once you have successfully completed your interview and your application has been approved, we will schedule you to take the Oath of Allegiance. You are not a U.S. citizen until you take the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony.
Receive a notice for the oath ceremony
Arrive at the ceremony and check in with USCIS
We will collect your Permanent Resident Card
A USCIS officer will review your responses to the questionnaire on Form N-445 when you arrive at the ceremony.
Take the Oath of Allegiance
Receive your Certificate of Naturalization
Once you are a U.S. citizen, you can enjoy expanded rights and responsibilities. Celebrate your citizenship and share your story!